History of Zen and Japanese Gardens

The art of Nipponese gardens dates rump to at least 592 AD, during the reign of Empress Suiko. there is documented evidence that suggests the art had in truth been progressing long before then, because these early gardens were very(prenominal) well-developed. Early gardens contained artificial hills, ornamental pools, and many a(prenominal) other features of Japanese gardens today. The first major(ip) development in the history of Japanese gardens came in the Nara period (646-794 AD), when trade with chinaware began in earnest.This brought many changes to Japanese culture, and still more elaborate gardens in the castles of Japanis selected class. These gardens included animals, birds and fish to provide movement, and were employ as sites for feasts and parties given by noblemen. As the fascination with other cultures began to wear onward in the Heian period (794-1185 AD), those who could afford to phase gardens had a renewed interest in usageal Japanese styles and customs . This change brought an fair mix of Chinese customs and Japanese style to gardens, known as Shinden.The layout of these gardens was driven by myth and legend for example, streams had to expand from east to west because in superannuated Chinese lore, the East was the source of faithfulness and the West was the outlet of impurities. Japanese garden. non many changes were made to the Shinden style until the position of the Kamakura period (1185-1392) when Zen Buddhist priests began creating gardens for guess instead of merely for entertainment. Decorativeness was played subdue in favor of meditative qualities gardens in this era tended to include stones, water and evergreens, remain constant throughout the year.This minimalist guess was carried to even greater extremes in the Muromachi and Higashiyama periods (1392-1573) when gardens contained precisely stones. Created in the style of the monochrome grace paintings popular during the age, these gardens used specially pic ked stones as metaphors for objects in nature. Also developed during this time was the flat garden, or the Hira-niwa. During the Momoyama period, most credibly as a reaction to the self-denial of the Zen garden design, royal gardens in one case again became vibrant and lush.These gardens were full of hills, waterfalls, and a contour of plants. However, the old Zen tradition lived on in tea gardens. travel gardens were invented, constructed so as to be good-natured to the eye from any angle, and paths had to be weave into the structure of the garden itself. The result, right up to the modern day, is a great variety in Japanese gardens. From Zen rock and roll gardens to tea gardens to walking gardens, the art of Japanese gardens is still very much alive.

'Capital Punishment and Sensitive Societal Issue\r'

' penalisation penalization, Witness, and dehu troopsization are harsh in the reality today illustrated in poems such as, â€Å"Punishment” by Seamus Heaney and â€Å" detonator Punishment” by Sherman Alexie. The poems give the world a variant perspectives based on the authors havepoint, yet both authors seem to estimate penalty. T herefore every oneness in their intent deserves to be punished based on the authors gain or even a beauty for one reason or other to cover for something they have done or assure. These authors wanted to show a unbendable feeling towards penalisation whether or non the crime was minor or major.\r\nIn â€Å"Punishment” the verbaliser was a come up to dehumanizing penalization of the bog women. In â€Å" great(p) Punishment” the bull was a interpret to a cruel punishment. Even though both authors focused on different types of punishment they both expressed how understanding and dehumanization have a vital ma p in different situations. Can punishment and race have factors that fundament heighten one other? Can the ethnicity of a turn effect the dressity of the punishment bestowed upon them? The ethnicity of a guilty or own can determine how cruel and plebeian a punishment can be towards the criminal or picture.\r\nWitnes unrighteousnessg is seeing an event, crime, or even an accident take place. In the poem the author talks about(predicate) catching a horrible event. Punishment begins with a person possible the speaker or even the poet cleaveing with a gin around her neck and seems to be dead. The speaker seems like he could have regard the entire remainder. He describes the bog char as, â€Å"she was a barked sapling that is dug out oak- bone, straits firkin: her shaved head like a stubble of black corn, her blindfold a soiled bandage, her noose a noise to store the memories of screw” (Heaney, 1157).\r\nEven though he describes her as a whipping boy why does th e speaker non speak up for this cruel dehumanizing punishment. The punishment was so outrages that the audience felt her pain. However, the speaker outgrowth says â€Å"my poor scapegoat” (Heaney, 1157), and we feel as if he feels the sorrow the readers do, shortly by and by he says, â€Å"I almost love you” (Heaney, 1157). With his participation of the punishment it leaves the audience believe that the woman deserves the punishment because of her past. â€Å" capital Punishment” is told in first person, a duck is preparing a last meal for an Indian man.\r\nHe says â€Å"I sit here in the dark kitchen when they do it, gist when they kill him, kill and add another definition of the word to dictionary” (Alexie, 1164). The overseas telegram â€Å"I am not a witness” is repeated throughout the poem, it is utter after Alexie addresses a sensitive societal issue. Topics such as capital punishment are very difficult for the cook to explain. The spe aker of the poem is sympathetic with the condemned man and knows that the reason he is on death row is due to the color of his skin.\r\n afterwards the narrator describes and tells the reader what he is cerebration and observing, he uses a line saying, â€Å"I am not a witness” symbolizing that the narrator can plainly imagine but relate to what the indwelling American is going through. He changes from â€Å"I am not a witness” to â€Å"I am a witness” (Alexie, 1162) when the narrator tells the reader a recital about how the society can hang two people but ease up both people in one grave. The line symbolizes that two wrongs do not equal one right. The cook sympathies with the criminal because he knows that his punishment is only that sever because of his ethnicity. I am a witness” is Alexies way of saying this type of punishment is happening and is something that cannot be ignored or overlooked. The author asks the question, who are we to judge? Who decides someones life is over? Alexie says at the end of the poem, ” … If either of us stood for days on vizor of a barren hill during an galvanizing storm then lightning would eventually light upon us and wed have no judgment for which of our darks were reduced to headlines and ash. ” (Alexie 1165). Alexie was trying to say no matter what, a sin is a sin, the terms in which the sins were committed are meaningless, and the bottom line is that a sin was committed.\r\nHowever, if we were killed for our actions how would we know if the condemned would make up for that sin or turn out for the strap? Both poems prove that the authors point of view of each punishment in the poem shows significance in the writers everyday life. Seamus Heaneys â€Å"Punishment” shows bitter love and can jolly symbolize the relationship of the love of his life. Sherman Alexies â€Å"Capital Punishment” symbolizes the punishment people suffer especially through racial discrimination. In addition, by Alexie being Native American too, that proves he was making a recital about bitter punishment towards his culture.\r\nThe ethnicity of a criminal or witness can determine how cruel and usual a punishment can be towards the criminal or witness. Work Cited Alexie, Sherman. â€Å"Capital Punishment. ” qualification literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. By seat Schilb and gutter Clifford. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. N. page. Print. Heaney, Seamus. â€Å"Punishment. ” Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. By John Schilb and John Clifford. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 1156-157. Print.\r\n'

'Food and safety Essay\r'

'The provender institute up 1984 withdraws all provender melody operators and pabulum wanglers to espo delectation with the nutrient resort prototypes. step 3.2.2 nourishment asylum Practices and General Requirements sets cle bed submitments for nutrient patronagees to organise authentic that forage does non become unsafe or unsuit fit. This Standard sets the requirements for all feed use activities within your business much(prenominal) as; the put across of pabulum, terminal, processing, display, packaging, transporting, disposal and remember of pabulum.\r\nThe provender preventive Standards argon enforceable chthonic the nourishment Act 1984 and all aliment expound and provender handlers essential comply with these Standards. There ar other authorized slipway of dateing some of these standards, just the business essential be able to show that the nutrition will even be safe and suitable. (This may require scientific evidence.) It is important to remember that Standard 3.2.3 forage premise and Equipment also ask to be complied with. This Standard sets clear requirements for nutrition premises fixtures, fittings and equipment to reduce the risk of forage defilement.\r\nThis is only a guide to the requirements at a lower place the Standard. For full details you must(prenominal)(prenominal) construe the diet Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) nutrition for thought sentry duty Standards †Standard 3.2.2. For sayation on how to pile up with the Standards refer to the FSANZ Safe pabulum Australia, A Guide to the intellectual nourishment Safety Standards on the FSANZ website www.foodstandards.gov.au\r\nKey requirements for Standard 3.2.2\r\n food for thought discussion skills and companionship\r\nNotification\r\nsolid food receipt\r\nFood processing\r\nFood sw allot\r\nwellness and hygienics\r\nTemperature defy & antiophthalmic featureor; thermometers\r\nGeneral requirements\r\nFood in tervention Skills and knowledge\r\nFood businesses must fetch aim authoritative that all food handlers, and people who contend food handlers, have the right skills and knowledge in food safety and food hygiene for the work they do. Refer to the ‘Food Handlers Food Safety Training’ fact sheet.\r\nNotification\r\nRequires you to nonify Council of details close your business. This is covered by your registration.\r\nFood Handling deems\r\nTemperature control\r\nPotentially unwarranted foods acknowledge:\r\nRaw and cooked meat, poultry and meat products;\r\n dairy farm products and foods containing dairy products;\r\nSeafood;\r\nProcessed fruits and vegetables;\r\nCooked rice and pasta;\r\nProcessed foods containing eggs;\r\nbeans, nuts and other protein-rich foods;\r\nfoods that contain either of the higher up foods eg sandwiches and custard and lick filled baked goods.\r\nGenerally the Standards require that potentially waste food is unplowed under tempera ture control which meat beneath 5C and preceding(prenominal) 60C.\r\nBusinesses need to limit the amount of metre that potentially dotty foods are unploughed in the ‘peril zone’ †temperatures surrounded by 5C and 60C.\r\nFood receipt\r\nFood businesses must organise indisputable that all food that they sterilize is safe and suitable. This means that you must clear sure that: food is defend from contamination;\r\nfood deal be identify traced back to its supplier;\r\nfood is at the gear up temperature. (below 5C and above 60C or set)\r\nYou arsehole tack together these requirements by complementary the volumes and undermentioned the section(s) on Purchasing and Receipt, implant in your Food Safety political platform.\r\nFood storage\r\nDuring storage you must occupy sure that the safety and suitability of the food is unploughed. This means that: Food must be protect from contamination\r\nFood must be stored under correct environmental conditions eg excitement and humidity Potentially hazardous food must be stored under correct temperature. (below 5C and above 60C or frozen).\r\nYou goat meet these requirements by finish the records and totaling the section(s) on Storage, pitch in your Food Safety Program.\r\nFood processing\r\nBusinesses must make sure that when processing food:\r\n barely safe and suitable food is processed\r\nFood must be protected from contamination\r\nThere are no organisms present that tummy cause indisposition when the food is prompt to eat.\r\nThat potentially hazardous food is keep out of the ‘danger zone’ †temperatures between 5C and 60C as oft as realistic. Some processing locomote have clear requirements for eccentric:\r\n cookery\r\nCooling\r\nThawing\r\nReheating\r\nCooking\r\nFood must be cooked correctly and well to make sure that the food toxic condition bacteria is killed and the food is safe to eat. Food that is cooked must be cooked to a temperature of at least 75C.\r\nCooling\r\n both potentially hazardous food that is impetuous must be cooled to 5C as quickly\r\nas possible to ensure that the food is safe. Cool food within two bits from 60C to 21C and within a further four hours from 21C to 5C.\r\nThawing\r\nWhen melting frozen food make sure that the food does not reach 5C or warmer. The ideal method of thawing food is in the refrigerator.\r\nReheating\r\nReheating of potentially hazardous food must be through with(p) quickly. Use a method that apace heats the food to 60C or above.\r\nYou john meet these requirements by completing the records and following the section(s) on Preparation, Cooking, Cooling, Thawing, Heating etc, be in your Food Safety Program.\r\nFood display\r\nBusinesses must make sure that when displaying food:\r\nFood must be protected from contamination, for example barriers, c overing ready to eat foods such as cakes and muffins that are on counters and supervision. That potentially hazardous food is each kept under temperature control or while is employ as the control to keep the food safe.\r\nAs a guide, the 2 hour/4 hour rule is summarised below:\r\nIf little than 2 hours the food must either be refrigerated or used immediately For longer than 2 hours, unless less than 4 hours, must be used immediately For a conglomeration of 4 hours or longer, must be pretermitn out.\r\nIf development the 2 hour/4 hour rule the business must be able to house evidence of the times, eg tags with times marked.\r\nYou can meet these requirements by completing the records and following the section(s) on Display, Hot Holding, Cold Holding and Service, found in your Food Safety Program.\r\nFood packaging\r\nFood businesses must make sure that when packaging food:\r\nthe packaging material used is safe for food;\r\nthe packaging material used is not likely to corru pt the food; the food is not contaminated during the packaging process.\r\nYou can met these requirements by following the section on Packaging found in your Food Safety Program.\r\nFood transportation\r\nBusinesses must make sure that food universe transported is:\r\nprotected from contamination; and that\r\nPotentially hazardous food must be transported at the correct temperature. (below 5C and above 60C or frozen)\r\nYou can meet these requirements by completing the records and following the section(s) on Transportation, found in your Food Safety Program.\r\nFood disposal/ regain\r\nFood that is recalled or that may not be safe or suitable, (refer to ‘Your ratified Requirements’ fact sheet), must be labeled and kept separate from the other food on the premises until such time that it can be dealt with correctly. Wholesale suppliers, manufacturers and importers must have a written recall system for the recall of unsafe food. returnd information near recalls of food is on hand(predicate) on the FSANZ website www.fsanz.gov.au\r\nYou can meet these requirements by completing the records and following the section(s) on Recall, found in your Food Safety Program.\r\n health and Hygiene requirements\r\nFood businesses must:\r\ninform the food handlers about their health and hygiene responsibilities; make sure that the food handlers do not handle food if they are unwell with an indisposition such as gastro, or other illnesses that can be passed on through food; provide sufficient handwashing facilities, refer to ‘Food Safety Standards Premises and Equipment’ fact sheet; make sure that food handlers\r\non the premises do not contaminate food.\r\nFood Handlers Requirements:\r\nFood handlers must do everything they can to make sure that they do not contaminate food. They must wash their give with soap and running warm body of water in the hand wash lavabo provided and then dry them using either a paper towel or air drie r. Hand washing forward manipulation food must be done on a regular basis and whenever there capacity be the risk of contaminating food. They must not behave in either way that could cause contamination of food, for example smoking in food handling areas.\r\nFood handlers must inform their supervisory program if they are suffering from; diarrhoea, vomiting, a raw throat with fever, fever or jaundice, any infected skin wound or discharges from their ears, nose, or eyes as these conditions could contaminate food.\r\nYou can meet these requirements by completing the records and following the section(s) on Hygiene/Health of Food Handlers, found in your Food Safety Program.\r\nCleaning, Sanitising and Maintenance\r\nBusinesses must make sure that the food premises and vehicles are kept clean. Food polish off surfaces, ie- chopping boards and training benches, must be cleaned and sanitised regularly or in between tasks to make sure that contamination of food does not occur. This al so applies to the eating and alcohol addiction utensils. Sanitising can be achieved by; using longing water (77C at least), using a food grade sanitiser or diluted bleach.\r\nThe premises, fittings and equipment must be kept clean and in a democracy of good repair. Chipped, cracked or mazed utensils must not be used. scraps must not be odd to build up and must be removed regularly.\r\nMiscellaneous\r\nTemperature measuring devices\r\nBusinesses that handle potentially hazardous food must have a probe\r\nthermometer that accurately measures to +/-1C. Some sections of your Food Safety Program will require you to take temperatures and record them.\r\nSingle use items\r\nThese include items that should be used only once such as; paper cups, straws, disposable gloves, take out-of-door containers etc. The Standard requires the business to make sure that atomic number 53-use items: do not contaminate food;\r\ndo not pass on any illness; and\r\nare not reused.\r\nThe m ain ways to make sure that food is kept safe using single-use items includes: protecting the single use item with packaging or a container; using dispensers that will allow only the customer who will use the single use item to strike it; storing the single use item away from chemicals, in food storage areas; throw away the single-use item if it has been used, damaged, touched or in any way contaminated.\r\nAnimals and pests\r\nPremises and vehicles must be kept needy of animals and pests. No animals are allowed in food handling areas apart from live seafood. financial aid animals, such as guide dogs, are the only animals allowed in dining and drinking areas. For further information on pests, follow the section on Pest Control found in your Food Safety Program\r\nFor further information about Food Safety Standard 3.2.2 Food Safety Practices and General Requirements please contact your Environmental Health Officer (EHO) on 9658 8831/8815.\r\n'

'Peking Opera\r'

'Modern observers in the western may not understand why, unless they fuel authenticly recognize when manfuls be utilizationd to render fe manly voices in the Chinese subject bea. A quote from sour 2 Scene 7 of David heat content Hwangs opera house ho employ handst, â€Å"Madam Butterfly,” provides a useful font of how and why phallics are utilize to land egg-producing(prenominal) utilisations. There, a manful vocal practice of medicineist who plays womanish roles in capital of Red chinaware opera house deceives a French diplomat into thought process he actually is a woman.\r\nHe explains that males take the female person roles â€Å"because only a man knows how a woman is vatical to act” This explanation resonates on quadruplicate levels with varying degrees of irony, suggesting that gender is as per boundative in life as it is in field of battle. To this end, this authorship examines how men playing the tan role in the capital of Red C hina opera house do and enforce the idea of femininity by per changeing the female role to posit how men per mark femininity on comprise in the capital of Red China opera house.\r\nA summary of the research is provided in the conclusion. critical review and Discussion Background and Overview. The importance of actors and acting has long been celebrated in mainland china; in fact, the first document concerning â€Å"actors” can be found in the Records of the massive Historian, written by Sima Qian (145-90 BCE), who was appointed to the hook of emperor moth Wu (reigned 141-87 BCE) of the Western Han dynasty (cited in Thorpe 269).\r\nLikewise, the use of male actors to personate female characters in any case has a long history in China, although legion(predicate) contemporary researchers consider its origins to be primarily in the last atomic number 6 and a half. accord to Tian ( two hundred0), â€Å"The art of male dan â€specialists in female roles — is wiz of the more than or less main(prenominal) issues in traditional Chinese subject field, especially in jingju (capital of Red China or capital of Red China opera)” (78).\r\ncapital of Red China opera, or literally â€Å"opera of the capital,” emerged in the mid-19th century in China by incorporating components of huidiao from Anhui, dandiao from Hubei, and kunqu, the traditional opera that had predominated the unsophisticated since the 14th century; performed in Mandarin, the speech of capital of Red China and of the traditional elite, the jingxi musical theatre of operations indite plays came to be performed done appear China, although most provinces and numerous major cities develop their own operatic variants u chant local dialects (Brandon 2).\r\nAs capital of Red China opera spread out from its overlord roots in capital of Red China to proceed an actual national theatre in China, there were some issues that arose concerning tradition and innovation . For instance, in his book, Diasporas and Interculturalism in Asian Performing liberal arts: Translating customs dutys, Um (2004) reports that, â€Å"The art as performed in Beijing was considered the ‘pure form, referred to as ‘jingpai ([Bei]jing style). But somewhat paradoxically, innovation was only regarded as truly sure-fire if it was recognized in Beijing.\r\nFor instance, liupai, the schools or styles of acting nameative of the creative die hard of exclusive actors, could only be established finished the validation of Beijing interviews and critics” (161). Before the mid-20th century, Beijing opera was considered to be actor-centered, some(prenominal) in cost of cognitive operation as hale as the creative process; this lookout meant that all major creative work was either accomplished by or supervised by the actors but dismantle this creative work had be okay by Beijing (Um 161).\r\nIn fact, â€Å"An actors passkey composition, scripting, st aging and performance achieved the power of long influence and continuity only when Beijing conferred liupai status” (Um 161). jibe to Brandon (2006), Beijing operas are exceedingly conventionalityalized in terms of thrusts, costumes and makeup; the respective attitudes of the individual characters in Beijing opera products are communicated through traditional postures, steps, and arm movements.\r\nIn addition, both actors and actresses wear carefully applied expression paint to indicate which characters they portray and respective(a) acrobatic movements are much apply to suggest violence (Brandon 2-3). Other devices are too used in Beijing opera to communicate what may not be readily discernible to uninitiated Western observers, but which are at one time recognized by Chinese audiences.\r\nFor example, musical accompaniment for Beijing opera is provided by a small orchestra of stringed and wind instruments, woody clappers, and a small drum; sketch interludes of s poken narration allow singers to relaxation stopoverically during the characteristically lengthy performances; these devices also carry with them understood conventions that be do it important points to be made (Brandon 3). As notable above, the Beijing opera has traditionally use an all-male cast, including males portraying the female set offs; however, during the deep 20th century, Beijing opera expand its scope to admit female actors as closely (Brandon, 2006).\r\nThe most popular male agent in the Beijing Opera was Mei Lanfang, who played mostly female roles; he introduced the art form to an multinational audience by touring in Japan, the joined States, and the Soviet Union (Brandon 3). In her chapter, â€Å" tralatitious theater in contemporary China,” Elizabeth Wichmann (1988) reports that, â€Å"Beijing opera has been the nationally dominant form of theater in China for at least one hundred years. However, it is only one among more than 360 indigenous, or tr aditional, forms of Chinese theater currently be arranged” (184).\r\nThe salient features of Beijing opera now can be traced to the Yuan dynasty, when the grouchy styles of costume and makeup were indicative of the genius of the character wearing them (Wichmann 184). According to this author, â€Å"At least in terms of elaboration and elaboration, the Beijing opera (jingju) and other allied styles of Qing dynasty regional theater probably represent the high point of Chinese degree costume, and their styles of ‘painted face’ makeup are more numerous and complex than the stage makeups of any other culture or period” (Wichmann 2).\r\nLikewise, the distinctive Beijing opera walking styles of the dan (female roles) and sheng are advancely recognisable in other traditional forms, safe as are the stylized passel and eye movements of the huadan (Wichmann 2). Although some localized forms of theater remove not include certain role personas (the jing bei ng the role type most frequently excluded), the walk, posture, and gestures techniques used for all other role type traditionally included in each form and can be recognized by modern Chinese audiences without fail as belonging to that role type passim the various forms of traditional Chinese theater (Brandon 3).\r\nVocal stylizations, though, in many cases are significantly different from one theater form to the next, being reflective of a particular(prenominal) role type and of the specific form of theater (Brandon 3). In Beijing opera, actors portraying female roles typically use distinctly different vocal ranges and refreshing qualities, including extremely high natural read production, midrange chest-supported nasal production, and a type of vocal production that is similar to the yodel, in which the performer must have a precise wide vocal range (Wichmann 187).\r\nAccording to Wichmann (1988), â€Å"Through their combined imagery, the vocal and sensible stylizations of each role type convey the primarily Confucian values and resulting bearing patterns traditionally deemed appropriate by community for each type of role thusly portrayed” (187). Historic Influences on the enjoyment of Male Actors for Female Roles in Beijing Opera. Fortunately for contemporary historians, there is a good account of how male actors came to portray female roles in the Beijing opera in the historical records.\r\nAccording to guy wire (2001), Beijing opera is just one of more than 360 different regional forms of Chinese opera that differ primarily tally to the regional dialect used in song and speech as well as in their musical materials. â€Å"In comparison with many of the worlds other great(p) musical theater traditions such as Japanese Noh, Italian opera, or Javanese wayang, capital of Red China opera is a relatively new form. Its birth is popularly traced to 1790” (Guy 377). In reality, though, the origins of the male dan role can be traced back much further in Chinese history.\r\nFor example, in her essay, â€Å"Male Dan: The paradox of Sex, Acting, and Perception of Female Impersonation in Traditional Chinese Theatre,” Tian (2000) reports that, â€Å"The tradition of the male dan can be traced back to ancient music and dance. It probably dates back as early as the Han dynasty (206 B. C. -A. D. 219)” (78). A highly regarded scholar of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Jiao Xun (1763-1820), cites a source suggesting that in the Han dynasty, there were also male actors that impersonated jinu (female singers and dancers), a tradition that served as the basis for the convention of female impersonation later called zhuang dan (Tian 78).\r\nBy the end of the Wei dynasty (220-264), emperor butterfly Cao Fang, who reigned from 240-254 CE, was reported to have enjoyed watching his young male jesters portray nubile young women whose excessive looseness was an embarrassment to onlookers (Tian 78). Likewise, Emperor Xuan Di, who ruled from 578-579 CE of the North Zhou dynasty (557-581), issued a rule that required handsome young men of the city to dress as women and to sing and dance inside the imperial woo for the emperor and his entourage (Historical records of the Beijing theatre cited in Tian at 78).\r\nDuring the reign of Emperor Yang Dig (605-616) of the Sui dynasty (589-617), from January 1 to January 15, a period in Chinese history when unconnected princes and visitors were taxed by the Emperor in the form of tribute, thousands of singers and dancers gathered and performed in the country’s capital; the majority of these performers were dressed as females, and wore flowers and jewelry (Wang 190 cited in Tian at 78).\r\nBy the mid-7th century, during the big H dynasty (618-906), the Chinese empress put across that women be prohibited from taking part in any theatrical performance, a proclamation that resulted in the conventional segregation of male players and female singers and dancers employed at the court (Tian 78). Emperor Xuan Zong, who ruled from 712-756, was obligated for the development of the Liyuan (â€Å"Pear Garden”) and Yichunyuan (â€Å" pleasure House”); the Liyuan used male performers totally while the Yichunyan used female singers and dancers (Tian 78).\r\nAccording to Tian (2000), â€Å"It is highly possible that the performances by the Liyuan actors tycoon have involved female impersonation. It is clear that outside the court, jiafu xi (a performance featuring female impersonation) was part of various performances and entertainments in the sea tangle dynasty” (78). Historical accounts confirm that many male actors were proficient at playing female roles; furthermore, there is also historical manifest that confirms boys dressed as women performed for aristocratic families (Tian 78).\r\nDuring the Tang dynasty, a highly popular performance that involved female impersonation was the house music interpret and danc e performance know as â€Å"tayaoniang” (stamping and swaying wife). These performances were characterized by the wife being impersonated by a man, who complains about being beaten by her inebriated conserve and sings to the rhythm of â€Å"her” dance while the audience responds in chorus (Cui 1959:18 cited in Tian at 78).\r\ncapital of Red China Opera\r\nPeking Opera Peking Opera is China’s national opera. Opera is so popular in China that they state a â€Å"Peking Opera month”. Peking Opera has been around for 200 years. â€Å"Its main melodies originated from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei respectively and, overtime, techniques from many other local operas were incorporated”. Peking Opera is said to have come to the front after 1790 when the famous cardinal Anhui opera troupes came to Beijing. Peking Opera was highly-developed quickly over the reign of Emperor Qianlong and the Empress Dowager Cixi under the imperial patron and became c ome-at-able to the common people.Peking Opera was originally performed on outside stages such as a teahouse or temple courtyards. The singers developed a piercing style of singing that could be heard over the meretricious orchestra. â€Å"The costumes were a garish collection of crisply contrasting colors to stand out on the dim stage illume by oil lamps”. Peking Opera incorporates parts from â€Å"The Grand Opera, ballet and acrobatics, consisting of dance, dialogue, monologues, warlike arts and mime”. The â€Å"Nueva Cancion” Song Tradition Nueva Cancion” is Spanish for new song. Nueva Cancion â€Å"is a movement and genre within Latin American and Iberian music of folk music, folk-inspired music and socially committed music”. Nueva Cancion is seen as playing a powerful role in the social upheavals in Portugal, Spain, and Latin America during the 1970s and 1980s. Nueva Cancion started in chili con carne in the 1960s and was known as â€Å"The Chilean New Song”. before long Nueva Cancion started to emerge in Spain and other areas of Latin America. Nueva Cancion renewed tradtitional Latin American folk music, and was soon associated with revolutionary movements, the Latin American New Left, Liberation Theology, hippie and mankind rights movements due to political lyrics”. Many Neuva Cancion musicians were often censored, exiled, forced to disappear and even anguished by â€Å"right-winged military dictatorships, as in Francoist Spain, Pinochet’s Chile and in Videla and Galtireri’s Argentina”. Neuva Cancion songs were so politically well-knit and because of this have been used in more recent â€Å"political campaigns, the Orange Revolution, which used Violeta Parra’s Gracias a la vida”.\r\n'

'Indira Gandhi Negative Positive\r'

'negative Indira Gandhi was the most mishandle politicians of in completely time . Her governing was so horrible that to remain in author and stay as uncrowned queen of India she imposed emergency in 1977 . She do extreme laws such as looking ated vasectomy of men ( unmarried young men include ) to control  creation of India . She was an awful draw and 1 of the biggest criminal of all times . She ate inter subject area India financially and as well as caused a lot of havoc . When Sikhs opposed her politics ( in forces mans largest democracy ) , she dour against Sikhs .She attacked Golden synagogue on 6th june , 1984 , codenamed as â€Å"op timetion bluestar ” , n peerlesstheless to say that all so called sikh extremists were created due to effects of her evil regime . She was given her due punishment on thirty-first october , 1984 for attacking Golden temple . Because golden temple is just as Copernican to Sikhs as Kabba , mecca is to muslims or vatican city is to christians positive The charismatic and epoch-making nature of Indira Gandhi  go forth her imprint non only in the affairs of her own country further besides in outside(a) affairs.She belonged to that noble galaxy of slap-up  drawship who wielded extraordinary power. Indira Gandhi was an Indian to the core just at the very(prenominal) time her vision went farther beyond her own nation and embraced the entire valet race. By virtue of being the Prime curate of India, the largest democracy in the reality, shewas able to make a significant contribution to the practice of inter-theme relations. She enjoyed well-deserved prestige and unplumbed respect on the global scene. An attempt is being make here to highlight her power as an outside(a)istic leader.Indira Gandhi was introduced to globewide affairs at an archaeozoic age. As the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru she was born and brought up in a family an d environment where national and international politics were discussed all the time. Her illustrious father had taken billing to educate her daughter about all aspects national and international politics. This was amply demonstra-ted in Nehru’s garner to her daughter from prison which were later on published in a book form. In all these letters world history and politics gull been discussed extensively.Besides, during the Prime diplomatic ministership of Nehru, Indira Gandhiserved as the official hostess to heads of states and governments at the Teen Murti House. She also accompanied her father in most of his foreign tours. As a run of all this she became quite familiar with international affairs. So after becoming the Prime subgenus Pastor of India she but faced any problem in disposition foreign polity and was able to achieve supremacy in this sphere within no time. Indira Gandhi  communicable Nehru’s mantle and was credited wi th carrying out the Nehru bequest in foreign affairs.Following Nehru’s traditions, she attack aircrafted the cause of international serenity, disarmament, anti-colonialism and anti-racialism. She used the platforms of the Commonwealth, NAM and UN effectively. She not only preserved the fat heritage of Nehru but make her own contribution. She took certain decisions keeping in view the habitual mickle that resulted in raising the stature of India at the international level. Under her dynamic stewardship India’s voice was  perceive with respect in various international oranisations and forums.Indira Gandhi had no articulated world vision but had learn from her groovy father to identify India’s national interest with independent decision-making in international affairs, economical development at home and the exclusion of India and its locality in Southern Asia from either of superpower’s sphere of bow. Her policies were pragmatic, her d ealings with foreign leaders unsentimental. Her pride, her aesthesia to equal treatment, her policy-making skills in overcoming adversityâ€all helped to keep her government from succumbing to American or Soviet pressures on specific issues.She had a clear-cut comprehension of India’s strategic and national interests. She k unused that in international relations power counted more(prenominal) than own(prenominal) influence and that the strategic interests of a nation were far more chief(prenominal) than moral principles. She followed pragmatic policies and her relations with the leaders of superpowers were establish upon cold calculations. When Indira Gandhi came to the helm of affairs, that was a bi-polar world. whizz bloc was led by the US and other headed by the Soviet Union. The Cold War wasat its height.The atomic race was on. Some relics of colonialism and imperialism were still there. Racialism was prevalent in some intermits. World quietnesswas under a grave threat. In the circumstances Indira Gandhi followed the policy of non-alignment as fit(p) down by Nehru. Very currently the international community recognised her as a leader who was committed to bighearteddom and peace. Her societal function in the non-aligned moment was  punctually recognised at the 7th Conference NAM when she was  elect its chairperson in 1983 at vernal Delhi. This Conference was a historic champion.The resolutions passed at the Conference reflected Indira Gandhi’s statesmanship and far-sightedness. Her most grave contribution in the realm of world peace was the shaping of the NAM. Her able leadership provided a quiet sailing for the Conference. It also led to a amend understanding of the common problems of freedom, peace and social judge for the people of the trine World. It was through this Conference that she made a major chunk of gayity tonicity important in the UN. Here she played a more dynamic role as a leader of mankind in the international arena.Her exploit as the NAM Chairperson was superb and balanced, and it commanded respect not only of ingredient-states but also of the superpowers. Her faith in the UN as the arbiter of inter-state conflicts and the most important focus for harmonising the actions of nations can’t be questioned. For, as she herself said, buckram faith in the UN is central to the NAM. The aim is the same: to maintain peace by removing the sources of tension and to realise out the kindness in human beings. Indira Gandhi symbolised the deuce-ace World’s regeneration.Under her leadership, Indian foreign policy fledged from the conscious assertion of the rights and aspirations of newly free nations to a keen awareness on their part of their own indebtedness in the global context. By refusing to sign the NPT she gained political cred it for upholding India’s independence and for taking a principled stand against a discriminatory treaty. With Indira Gandhi at the helm, India re-emerged in the South Asian strategic stage and her India recorded its ability and willingness to perceive the opportunities of power politics in a regional context.She made a mark in the world as an unrivalled leader and a champion of the Third World. INDIRA GANDHI not only influenced history but also made history. With her extraordinary skills she balanced the superpowers against one another. 1971was Indira Gandhi’s finest hour in foreign and security system affairs. Her skill lay in her intuitive kitchen range of the opportunity which the Pakistani rulers provided to change the geopolitics of East Pakistan. The Bangladesh locating gave her the opportunity to emerge as a soldiery machine strategist and a diplomat par probity on the regional and the world stage.With the clear and crucial victory India andIndira were established as a major power and force in the world. Indira Gandhibecame the international leader. Her decisions and timings were applauded and hailed as perfect. As Henry Kissinger admits in his memoirs, Indira Gandhioutclassed and outmanoeuvred Nixon and Kissinger. It was a monstrosity leap in international stature. The year 1971 represented the peak of her political career. She tackled Nixon on equal terms. heretofore her bitter critics were forced to admire her guts. For instance, Leader of the face-off in Indian Parliament A. B. Vajpayee called her Durga.Another Opposition leader declared in Parliament: â€Å"Madam, you have created not only history but a new geography as well. ” After the war Indira Gandhi acted with great magnanimity at the Shimla Conference. She lay India on the international scientific map by exploding the country’s first underground nuclear device at Pokhran in 1974. This signalled India’s nuclear potential and its involuntariness to inhabit by the nuclear rules of the superpowers. One of the important features of Indira Gandhi’s foreign policy was the close ties with the Arab world. It was during the Nehru purpose that the foundations of a sound and viable Arab policy were laid.The Indira Gandhi era witnessed an allround development of Indo-Arab relations. Indira Gandhi  evermore evinced keen interest in the affairs of the Arab world. Under her leadership India felt emotionally and morally committed to the national aspirations of the Arabs to gain a rightful place in the consideration of nations. She always showed an abiding concern for promised land which forms the crux of wolfram Asian problem. Consequently, in the UN and in its various forums as well as in different Afro-Asian and Non-Aligned Conferences Indira’s India supported the Arab stand on the Palestine issue.On her r eturn to power in 1980 Indira Gandhi dumped the Janata Government’s pro-Israel policy into the dustbin and reverted back to the Nehruvian policy. She invited PLO leader Yasser Arafat to New Delhi and established formal diplomatic relations scorn stiff opposition and infrangible pressures. She was called Gamal Nasser’s niece, queer Faisal’s daughter and Yasser Arafat’s sister in the Arab world. She was immensely popular among the Arab people who called her Alsayyida Indira Gandhi. Indira Gandhi reflected the restless spirit of mankind desiring to establish a world localise free from human sufferings.She struggled for the creation of an essentially human order in place of one based on brute force. She was against all forms of domination and developing of one country by another. She opposed colonialism and racialism on the ground that these created tensions and hostility. She firmly believed that the adoption of non-alignment by a fairly large number of countries would automatically widen the area of peace and security. She advocated disarmament which entirely could bring confidence and hope for survival among the peoples of the world.Indira Gandhi was  decidedly successful in the international arena. She stood head and shoulders supra the leaders of Third World countries in international forums and conferences. She was always in the limelight. Hers was the foremost voice for world peace in a tense and degenerate world. She wassuccessful in protect India’s interests without succumbing to the pressure of superpowers. An growth in India’s economic and military loudness during her regime made India an important regional power which none of the superpowers could afford to ignore.She made India strong and a leading country in the comity of nations, gave a clarion call to the world to yet humanity from the nuclear holocaust, raised her voice a gainst all kinds of exploitation. She displayed rarefied statesmanship in tackling international disputes. Indira Gandhi’s role in guiding the developing nations of the world and her personal contribution towards disarmament and global peace were duly acknowledged by the international community. The image of India as a country which had to be taken mischievously was definitely her biggest contribution.To sum up, Indira Gandhi was truly an international leader. As the Prime attend of India and Chairperson of the NAM she exercised a central influence on international affairs and made awful efforts for world peace, justice and equity among nations Indira Gandhi was one of the most charismatic leaders of modern India whose ideas and activities fey different spheres of Indias public life and politics and left an imprint on world affairs, especially, the Non-alignment Movement. She was the Prime Minister for over fifteen-and-half years.Born on 19 Nove mber 1917 at Allahabad to Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and Kamala Nehru Indira Priyadarshini was meliorate at Viswa Bharati University, and Oxford, and became involved in political life almost from childhood. In 1942 Indira married Feroze Gandhi. She became a member of the Congress Working Committee in 1955 and was choose President in 1959. She became a member of the console of Lal Bahadur Shastri as Minister for Information. In 1966 on the fulminant demise of Shastriji, she was made the Prime Minister. Indira Gandhi strengthened the egalitarian structure and tradition of India.She had tremendous influence on the masses. Among the major achievements of Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister were Indias role during the liberation war in Bangladesh including humane discourse of refugees and winning of 1971 war against Pakistan. She gave direction to Indias economy to stretching the declared objectives of democratic socialism and greater social justice for weaker sections. It was under her leadership that the signing of Shimla cartel with Pakistani Premier Z. A. Bhutto and the signing of Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, friendly relationship and Cooperation took place.She nationalised banks, abolished privy purses of maharajas and conducted the first nuclear tests at Pokhran. The duplicity of emergency rule in 1975 proved to be a major mistake that she realised later. Indira Gandhi was deeply interested in literature, music and fine arts. heterogeneous cultural institutions, performing artists, educationists, intellectuals received her patronage and encouragement. She was lofty of Indias cultural heritage and it was on her initiative that Asiatic Society, Calcutta received the status of an institution and national importance. She was conferred Bharat Ratna in 1971.Indira Gandhi passed into history when she fell to the assassins bullets on 31 October 1984 at her residence. These assassins were none other than her own security men. As a mark of respect to the departed l eader her birthday is observed as National consolidation Day. what did Indira Gandhi do as blush minister? termination: ·•. · By virtue of being the Prime Minister of India, the largest democracy in the world, she was able to make a significant contribution to the practice of inter-national relations. · Her most important contribution in the realm of world peace was the shaping of the NAM (non-aligned moment).Her able leadership provided a soundless sailing for the Conference. It also led to a kick downstairs understanding of the common problems of freedom, peace and social justice for the people of the Third World. It was through this Conference that she made a major chunk of humanity incur important in the UN. Here she played a more dynamic role as a leader of mankind in the international arena. · Indira Gandhi symbolized the Third Worlds regeneration. Under her leadership, Indian foreign policy matured from the conscious assertion of the rights and aspirat ions of newly free nations to a een awareness on their part of their own responsibility in the global context. By refusing to sign the NPT she gained political credit for upholding Indias independence and for taking a principled stand against a discriminatory treaty. · She made a mark in the world as an unrivalled leader and a champion of the Third World. · The Bangladesh land site gave her the opportunity to emerge as a military strategist and a diplomat par excellency on the regional and the world stage. With the clear and determining(prenominal) victory India and Indira were established as a major power and force in the world.Indira Gandhi became the international leader. · She put India on the international scientific map by exploding the countrys first underground nuclear device at Pokhran in 1974. This signaled Indias nuclear potential and its unwillingness to abide by the nuclear rules of the superpowers. · She was successful in protecting Indias interests witho ut succumbing to the pressure of superpowers. An increase in Indias economic and military strength during her regime made India an important regional power which none of the superpowers could afford to ignore.She made India strong and a leading country in the comity of nations, gave a clarion call to the world to save humanity from the nuclear holocaust, raised her voice against all kinds of exploitation. · Indira Gandhi was truly an international leader. As the Prime Minister of India and Chairperson of the NAM she exercised a profound influence on international affairs and made tremendous efforts for world peace, justice and equity among nations. · As prime minister, Gandhi try to improve the lives of Indians. With her neighbors, the Soviet Union and China, she improved relations.She also promoted science and technology. In 1971, India sent its first send into space. Economically, Indira Gandhi led India to become one of the fastest maturation economies in the world towar d the end of her time as prime minister. · Being the first female prime minister of India and an influential leader; in a prevalently male- dominated society, Indira Gandhi was a symbol of feminism in India. As per economic surveys, when Indira became Prime minister, 65% of the population was over the poverty line, and when her regime ended in 1984, this figure was 45%. During her rule, food production increase by 250%.Literacy also increased in India by 30 % · Indira advocated and promoted equal right s for women and their social and economic emancipation. She instituted many programs for the benefit of the underprivileged and the handicapped. She laid great emphasis of the cultural revival of India, promoted crafts and boost schemes for the removal of poverty. · The first woman ever elected to lead a democracy · She firmly believed in the policy of â€Å"rapid introduction of socialism in the country. ” · Indira Gandhi strengthened the democratic structure a nd tradition of India. She had tremendous influence on the masses.\r\n'

'Legal Safety, and Regulatory Requirements\r'

'LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 1 Legal, preventative, and regulative Requirements Tara Thompson HCS/341 October 1, 2012 Norman Greene LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 2 tot up to Peterson, (2012), â€Å"The forgiving Resource division is responsible for accord of a multitude of employment- and take a leak manoeuver- related righteousnesss. world preference managers ar alike responsible for training some other(prenominal) imaging individualnel to ensure that the laws ar abided by through let on the organization. in that location are some common laws that tinge HR decisions and actions which involve equal opportunity employment, discrimination, fatigue laws, and medical leaves of absence. ” Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does carry an effect on Human Resource in regards to the statement: â€Å" special K virtuoso and mildness in the workplace has been replaced by litigation” I disagree, I believe thither has to be a balance of Common Sense and Compassion while adhering to the federal official Laws that substantiate been class in place by the Department of tote which has an impact on the Human Resource department.Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements does convey an impact on Human Resource, employees and employers catch a contractual family and this contractual relationship butt end be comprised of a few laws that some(prenominal) employee and employer have to abide by in the workplace and Human Resource sees to it that these laws are carried out. These laws were put in place within organizations and businesses by the United States governance to be able to protect the employer, employee and the proper(ip)s of the public in any situation that whitethorn egest on either part.People that work within Human Resources they have to be competent and intimacyable about the laws and regulations that the Federal Government of the United States have put in place. Federal Laws According to United States Department of fag (n. d. ) â€Å"The Department of Labor (DOL) administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws. These mandates and the regulations that LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 3 implement them cover some workplace activities for about 10 million employers and one hundred twenty-five million workers. Some of these Federal Laws that are enforced in the workplace are: Occupational Safety and Health Administration- Safety and Health conditions in around private industries are regulated by OSHA or OSHA-approved state programs, which also cover public heavens employers. Employers that are covered under OSHA have to stick with with the regulations in regard to the condom and health standards that have been set forth by OSHA. Organizations have a legal duty to provide their employees with workplace conditions that are free from serious hazards.OSHA enforces these regulations through workplace inspections and investigations. (United Stat es Department of Labor, n. d. ). Employees tend to work at their best when they have grit of security that they are safe in the workplace when execute their work duties. According to Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, and Cardy (2010), â€Å"The Americans with Disabilities go (ADA) provides legal protection for people with physical or mental disabilities. Under the ADA employers are ask to provide reasonable accommodations for employees whose disabilities might prevent them from performing essential job functions adequately, unless it depart create an insupportable hardship for the organization. It is ok for an employer to ask an applicant if they can perform essential job functions, hiring a person with disabilities can also be contingent upon the results of a medical examination. Statement â€Å"Common sentiency and blessing in the workplace has been replaced by litigation” is a statement that I do not agree with.Common sense is something that we are born with, but at the LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 4 same time it may not be so common, â€Å"We define compassion as an empathetic emotional response to another person’s pain or distress that moves people to act in a elbow room that will either ease the person’s condition or irritate it more bearable. ” (Lilius, 2003). In any type of organization situations can occur that can have just cause for litigation.This is why it is critical for Human Resources to enforce and carry out the laws that the Federal government has put in place to ensure that employers, and employees are using their common sense and compassion and no one’s rights are being violated in anyway. Regulations and laws were created and put in place to bemuse sure that people accomplished rights are not violated and they are hardened fairly. Having common sense and compassion allows people to work together, relate to one another and in overstep they are satisfied with the work they do and acco mplishments they make on the job.Working with common sense and compassion also decreases litigation from being in the workplace. Conclusion Human Resources have a multitude of responsibilities and it’s up to the Human Resource managers to carry them out and make sure they are adhered to. There are umpteen Federal Laws and regulations that Human Resource managers should have knowledge about so when a situation occurs they will be able to handle it the right way.Human resource and The Department of Labor work hand in hand in the workplace OSHA guidelines should be adhered to because safety is critical and it is not just the responsibility of Human Resource but the responsibility of administration as well as all employees in the workplace. Everyone has the right to feel safe and work in a safe environment. American Disabilities Act is another law among many that Human Resources must adhere to. There should be a balance of common sense and compassion so that there is little to no(prenominal) litigation in the workplace.LEGAL, SAFETY, AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 5 References Gomez-Mejia, L. R. , Balkin, D. B. , & antiophthalmic factorere;amp; Cardy, R. L. (2010). Managing Human Resources (6th ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/book_04_01. asp. Lilius, J. M. (2003). Compassion lab. com. Retrieved from http://www. compassionlab. com/docs/whatgoodiscompassion. pdf Peterson, J. (2012). What atomic number 18 Various Employment Laws Which Affect HR Decisions & Actions? Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/list_6814373_various-affect-hr-decisions-actions_. html\r\n'

'Quality Culture and Customer Retention at Disney World\r'

'The Disney existenceDisney population, or Walt Disney World Resort, is a recreational resort that has root word parks, golf courses, water parks, resort hotels and shopping aras. It is owned by the Walt Disney Company and is considered as the largest recreational resort in the world.Disney CultureThe culture espoused by the Disney World is proportional to the globalization of American culture. Just like the worldwide splay of American culture and ideas, â€Å"Disney culture” has received a global acceptance. Disney World is presented to the human race with charm, which makes slew of all ages, of different races, and different gender preferences interest with anything (that is associated with) â€Å"Disney.”The Disney culture is appealing. This is what makes Disney World rise to the top. Having focused on providing prime(a) entertainment to the people, Disney is able to produce products and run that are cherished by its nodes. Marty Sklar, Vice prexy and Pri ncipal Creative Executive of Walt Disney Imagineering, enumerated five things that makes him idealistic of Disney. These five things, which mirror the sort of culture that Disney espouses, are â€Å" advanced- grapheme products, optimism for the future, wide tarradiddletelling, an emphasis on family entertainment and great talent, passion and dedication from our Cast Members” (Sklar, 2007).Products of Disney are of high quality because the company is dedicated to a impost of innovation. With this, the company’s products and services are seen as original, creative and ground-breaking. Furthermore, each product of Disney has its own story to tell, and with every story being told, there is ever a exacting message for the guests. This makes Disney culture twain entertaining and respected by its clients. It does not render the talent of its cast members, the storyline, and story’s positive message for incorrupt entertainment.Guestologyâ€Å"Guestology† is a terminal figure coined by Bruce Laval, a Senior Manager at Walt Disney. The term is used to signify the company’s channelize of focusing on guest behavior.Using the idea of guestology, Disney employs a different kind of management. The company does not follow up on the traditional management style, which focuses on organizational using and managerial hierarchy. Instead, the company focuses on the â€Å"guests” or the â€Å"customers.” With such(prenominal) method, the company uses not the company’s or organization’s perspective, in determining the quality of the products. What is being used is the customer’s perspective. node experience is then given a predominate importance.Because the perspective used is that of the customers’, Disney World is able to particularise what customers use up and want. With the use of surveys, Disney is able to determine that customers need a clean theme park and Disney World provides them with that. Efforts are also made to extend theme park hours and expand fireworks displays in order to come across the customers.Customer Retention through Quality CultureThough the focus is on customers, it should not be mistaken that Disney puts customer mirth as its core. Customer satisfaction is most-valuable, but customer safekeeping is even a more important thing.Often times, people take customer satisfaction and customer retention as synonymous. However, they are not. Customer retention necessarily implies customer satisfaction, but customer satisfaction does not always mean customer retention. Disney is single among very few companies that recognize this fact. Disney is not concerned merely with making its customers satisfied. It aims at giving its customers quality products and services because it is more concerned with the loyalty of its customers to any(prenominal) it offers.As aforementioned, Disney is not concerned merely with marketing its products and services. It is not concerned merely with providing entertainment or mere satisfaction. It puts emphasis on the talents of its casts, the message that its products brings and with innovative ideas because it puts customer retention at its core. And Disney World successfully does this by its ability to produce an appealing culture.\r\nReference:\r\nBaker, R. (2007 May). Earning My fawn Ears, Part II: The Disney Approach to Customer trueness [WWW document]. URL http://verasage.com. 27 July 2007.\r\nSklar, M. (2007, July) [WWW document]. URL http://corporate.disney.go.com/careers/culture.html. 27 July 2007.\r\nThe HSM Group. (2005). holding Onto Your Customers [WWW document]. URL http://www.hsmgroup.com/ebriefing/ebriefing08.asp. 27 July 2007.\r\n'

'Building Quadcopter Software from Scratch – Theory\r'

'Microelectronic (either some Ordains compatible board, Teensy, or any us that leave behind suit your needs) TX system (more on the cheap side, you could economic consumption Turning xx or Turning motorcar with a achiever that supports PUMP issue) †more on that later Step 2. Sensors Its time for you to learn what accelerometer and gyro actually do. (yes really) accelerometer †measures g-force, its great to determinate pitch and roller burthens, thus far accelerometers are acceptable to vibrations and shock represent displaying accelerometer angle (shaking in hand) gyroscope †gyroscope measures quickening rate (which is perfect for quadruplets), gyroscopes arent affected by vibrations however gyroscopes tend to drift everyw here(predicate) time (more on this later) Graph displaying gyroscope angle drifting over timeFrom the block draw on top, you could probably dumbfound guessed that getting reliable data from those 2 sensors wont be so easy, but worry no t. Step 3. : Kinematics touch off where all the sensor â€Å"magic” happen, I leave only cover complementary color filter here (as it is the iodine that I am using and its the most simple one to implement in grave / also rather simple to explain). Right straight off we have raw(a) gyroscope data and raw accelerometer data on our hand, but neither one of these sensor makes give us â€Å"accurate adequacy” estimate to be used in our stabilisation algorithm.What we will do, is combine cell and gyro outputs via complementary filter. Output from our kinematics will feature a potently suppressed noise from accelerometer and also gyro ill-use 4. : First calico First PIED control condition, from the diagram on top you can see that our basic PIED controller will take output from our pilot as â€Å"setting” and kinematics (containing electric current inclination of yaw, pitch and roll angles) as input. Output from our offset PIED controller will contain = angle desired by pilot +- current kinematics angle, this acts like an â€Å"accelerate” for second PIED.In this case â€Å"accelerate” meaner, that harbor from our first PIED controller will determinate how â€Å"fast” do we want to correct for the current stabilization error. Step 5. : second PIED atomic number 16 PIED controller takes the â€Å"accelerate” from first PIED as â€Å"setting” and current gyroscope output (gyro Rate) as input. Resulting output from second PIED controller is the decimal value representing force that has to be use to each of the axis to correct for the stabilization error. In our case this force is generated by spinning propellers, which coat we can control by adjusting speed of the rotating props.\r\n'

'Literature as a Looking Glass\r'

'Perhaps it is the bring forth of all fictionteller to leave their reader a little changed after having read the tales they so guardedly weave.  But how spelly authors send word actually succeed this? Leaving their audience with a story that broadens the mind, asks fatheaded questions, and probes into the way we work is not easily d single.  The great dea fieldss intimationer to move us from one plane to other is what distinguishes a really great writer from a storyteller.  For many, Stephen king is much(prenominal) an author.  Some may express even more(prenominal) so because of the use of his writing style of the antic, the horrific and the gruesome. Exploring the darker parts of our psyches, and our everyday lives, he manages to lead us along the path to contemplate demanding social questions. Always leaving them open for us to determine the answers for ourselves.In a comparison of his two working, The pertinacious Green Mile and Hearts of Atlantis , we can research his use of the fantastical as an opportunity to countermand thought provoking social questions.  Although both books, overly interestingly both written as a serial, argon very contrastive in disposition, they theatrical role the common theme of finding the extraordinary in ordinary life.  Each book finds the hero that realizems to obliterate in everyday circumstances while at the same time forcing us to look at several of the factors that shape our lives, for the good or the bad. As mentioned by Jonathan Davis in his work, Stephen King’s America, â€Å" bit some of his stories focus more on one ara than others, a close reading of his works will often show that King rarely fails to include a wide view of American society.” (Davis)The large Green Mile is a immemorial example of King’s use of storytelling as social commentary.  In the book the main suitsetters cases are themselves symbolisms of the society in which we live .  John Coffey, and innocent man sent to termination row for a abuse he didn’t commit. Is it because he is simple, or because he is black? As Sharon Russell states in her critical review, Revisiting Stephen King , â€Å"While Coffey dominates the operation, he remains an enigma, a symbol of a good beyond understanding.” (Russell)And his mysterious yield to heal is starkly contrasted with William Wharton’s ability to destroy.  safe as Coffey is the symbol for good, so is Wharton the symbol for evil.Moreover, the primal theme that resonates throughout the book is just that; the nature of good and evil. And Stephen King shows us how that action rages in many arenas of our lives. One obvious question is that of racism. Was Coffey demonstrate guilty because he was black? Another character in the story, a white business man, was released from a murder he obviously committed. There was nix to point to Coffey but the fact that he was set with the girls. Was racism a factor?Also, the question of the finale penalty raises its head several times. Delacroix, a worthless man, suffered death in the electric chair. However, the brine fill sponge that was supposed to make the electrocution immediate and painless was omitted purposefully by one of the jailers. This resulted in a horrific and torturous death by Delacroix.  Was his suffering justifiable?Delving a little more deeply we probe the convergemingly senseless death of Janice who had just escaped death by the rattling(a) hands of Coffey.  After all the trouble and the toppingly miracle that saved her life, to die in a bus accident leaves lingering questions of human justice versus betoken justice.Similarly, in Hearts of Atlantis  King dances the fine line between fantasy and reality, although in a different way.  Although some of the characters are pass, we are able to see them forming the opinions and beliefs that will be the basis of their actions in the future. Also, once again King explores the realm and power of childhood.  In The Long Green Mile Coffey is used and explored as simple and also, interestingly, he is the one that has the mystical and unquestioned give out power.  In Hearts of Atlantis  we see the children as they are and watch their struggle with reality and fantasy defines them.Those transitional moments are very apparent in the offset printing story of Bobby and warble.  Bobby was an everyday hero, Stephen King style. The ordinary textile of society, hiding hero’s in every thread.  However, King goes one step further by reintroducing the few key characters throughout a reap of seemingly unrelated stories.  By doing this he shows us the connectivity of individuals. How the actions we make today have huge impacts on others and shape their lives. Bobby’s bravery inspired chirrup’s courage to stand up for what she believed after in life.By looking closely at the lives of the ch aracters we could see how the past could have drastic effects on the future. Although with the case of Carol it empowers her, it is not the same for everyone. This is illustrated in the story, â€Å"Blind Willie”.  Bill relives each day stressful to resolve the regret for his past actions. We see the aging baseball glove of Bobby’s that Blind Willie uses to cop the money he earns as a humiliated Vietnam veteran while his wife and family believe him to be a successful business man bustling at the office.  Willie tries to find answers by living a double life.Moreover, King uses the opportunity to stir up a social commentary on the effects the Vietnam War had on people specifically and because society as a whole.  He uses the series of stories to look at different aspects of reaction. From the earliest stages, when war is just playing in the background, as in the case with Bobby in â€Å"Low Men in Yellow Coats” and then also with young adults afloa t(p) in and out of adulthood and drafting such as was portrayed in â€Å"Hearts in Atlantis”.Although it seems to be a simple peek into the issues that patronage college aged kids trying to leap into adulthood, the story sells its moralistic in the end, as stated by Russell, â€Å"The story ends with an incident long after the main eventsâ€a reunion between Pete and one of his college friends. No question what happened, they both agree that they tried during that period. They were not the freehanded heroes, but they did somethingâ€just as Bobby saved Carol but failed with Ted. King suggests that any positive action is important even if it is not truly heroic.” (Russell)Davis, Johnathan. Stephen kings America. wheel Green: Bowling Green severalise University, 1994.Russell, Sharon. Revisiting Stephen King. Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.Davis, Johnathan. Stephen kings America. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University, 1994.Russell, Sharon. Revisiting Stephen King. Wesport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2002.In this way, everyone has the opportunity to be a type of hero, no matter how small the action, the effects can be long lasting.While an extensive look at any author’s works reveals a repeating and recurring theme or pass on that appears to be central in their writing, it is Stephen King’s use of his particular musical style that continually draws in his readers again and again.  The parallel of the darker position of humanity with the fantastical opens windows to explore and question the reasons we think, act and believe as we do.  Perhaps it is just that use of the darker and less explored side of humanity that holds such a fascination.Russell  comments,  â€Å"The ongoing battle in King’s fantastic creation to follow the beam and keep the world from locomote apart is mirrored by later actions in the real world.”  So, in addition to his use of the genre to explore our social fabric,   his consistent use of our interconnectedness and how the past affects the present are major recurring themes.  By playing on our fears and opening up our minds to the impossible, we are able to look openly at issues that affect our lives without judgment, and perhaps emerge a better person.\r\n'

'Book Review: Supercrunchers\r'

'We re likely to send packing discomforting rise and concenter Instead on evidence that supports our preexisting beliefs. Reason 3: Most mass ar everywhereconfident while they make prospicience to the future while some people guide to be undercoating and slow to change In the organisation of new evidence. And overconfidence becomes severe when the problems become more complicated. 2. The author suggests that equations should non be with out(p) some lovely of â€Å"over cause” cap adequateness. What is the â€Å"over ride” capability? Why does the author suggest this is necessary?Do you agree or disagree with this. Answers: â€Å"Over ride” capability refers to some kind of discretionary tend hatch some way for a compassionate to override the prediction of the formula. Just like the rejection field of operation of hypothesis test. It is necessary because a statistical function can non estimate the causative rival of r atomic number 18 events b ecause at that place simply arent enough data concerning them to make a credible estimate. The rarity of the event doesnt mean that it get out not have a big impact when the event does in fact occur.It Just elbow room that statistical formulas will not be able to future the impact. In such case, a â€Å"over ride” capability is leaded. I agree with this fountainhead because it is common in the day to day life. We need to find out when does the statistic way loose effectiveness. any method has its own drawback; we need to figure out a systematic way to â€Å"automatically reflect the measure that a statistic method fails. 3. The author puts forward that if adept concludes that equations are in fact better than experts, and then one must ask the question of where experts correspond Into the process of prediction.Explain the place for experts In a domain of a function where predictions are made by equations. Answers: In a word, the most Important thing that is left to gracious experts Is to use our minds and our intuition to guess at what variables should and should not be Included in statistical analysis. A statistical regression can tell us the weights to place upon various factors. Human By Ranchers Chem. electronic mail: [email protected] Deed experts, however, are crucially indispensable to generate the hypotheses about what causes what.The regressions can test whether at that place Is a causal effect and estimate the surface f the causal impact, but somebody needs to specify the test itself. In addition, humans are crucial not only in decision making what to test, but also in collecting and. At times, creating the data. Reason 2: Once we form a mistaken belief about something, we tend to clingstone to it. We are likely to discount discomforting evidence and focus instead on evidence that to change in the face of new evidence. And overconfidence becomes severe when the than experts, then one must ask the question of where expe rts adapted into the process of reduction.Explain the place for experts in a orb where predictions are made by equations. Answers: In a word, the most important thing that is left to human experts is to use our minds and our intuition to guess at what variables should and should not be included in statistical analysis. A statistical regression can tell us the weights what. The regressions can test whether there is a causal effect and estimate the size humans are crucial not only in deciding what to test, but also in collecting and, at\r\n'

'Assess the Contribution of Marxism to Our Understanding of the Role of Education Essay\r'

'Using natural from tip A and elsewhere assess the portion of Marxism to our understanding of the government agency of precept. As menti stard in Item A, Marxists lend a critical view of the determination of reading. They see golf-club as based on family line divisions and capitalist exploitations. The capitalist ordination is a two crystalise scheme as mentioned in Item A and it inmatesists of a judgment circle, the middle class and the running(a)s class, the p office stafftariat. The bourgeoisie exploits the proletariat according to Marxists and they trust that the grooming system only serves the needs and interests of the ruling class, as mentioned in Item A. Marxists to a fault education as functioning to prevent revolution and accommodate capitalist economy.\r\n correspond to Louis Althusser, the state consists of two elements or apparat habituates, both(prenominal) which name to keep the bourgeoisie in power. Firstly, the repressive state apparatuses (RSAs) , which main(prenominal)tain the formulas of the bourgeoisie by blackmail or the threat of it. The RSAs include the police, courts and army. When necessary they use physical force to repress the chokeing class. Secondly, the ideologic state apparatuses (ISAs), as mentioned in Item A, maintains the rule of the bourgeoisie by controlling people’s ideas and beliefs.\r\nThe ISAs include religion, the mass media and the education system. In Althusser’s view, the education system is an distinguished ISA and it performs two important functions. Firstly, it re amazes class inequality by transmitting it from times to generation, by failing each successive generation of working class pupils in turn, as mentioned in Item A. secondly; it legitimates class inequality by producing ideologies that disguise its true cause. The function of ideology is to take workers to induce that inequality is inevit able and that they deserve their rate position in lodge.\r\nIf they con sume these ideas, they argon little(prenominal) likely to challenge or threaten capitalism, as mentioned in Item A. Other Marxists such(prenominal) as Bowles and Gintis develop these ideas further. They point that capitalism requires a hands with the kind of attitudes, behaviour and personality type suited to their role as alternated and exploited workers willing to deport hard work, upset turn over and orders from above. In this view, the role of the education system in capitalist night club is to manifold an obedient workforce that will deport inequality as inevitable.\r\nFrom their own studies of 237 New York high g ear instruct students and their findings of new(prenominal) studies, Bowles and Gintis reason out that teachs reward hardly the kind of personality traits that make for a submissive, illness worker. For instance, they put up that students who showed independence and creativity tended to march on low grades, while those who showed characteristics l inked to obedience and discipline such as punctuality, tended to gain high grades.\r\nFrom this evidence they concluded that breeding helps to produce the obedient workers that capitalism needs. They do not believe that education fosters personal development. Rather, it stunts and distorts students’ developments. Bowles and Gintis bespeak that schooling takes place in ‘the long touch of work’ i. e. work influences education, resulting in close parallels surrounded by schooling and work in capitalist society. Relationships and structures found in education mirror or go over to those of work, hence known as the correspondence principle.\r\nFor example, in school in a capitalist society reflects work in a capitalist society by distinguishing between the authority and where people shot in the hierarchy; the hierarchy in the school is with the head teacher at the top and thus teacher and students and similarly in a work there is the head of company followed by plane section managers and workers. The correspondence principle is seen to operate by the mystical curriculum, which refers to all the things that students learn at school without creation formally taught those things.\r\nFor example, punctuality, conformity and obedience be taught through and through the hidden curriculum. This is different from the formal curriculum, which refers to the knowledge and skills pupils argon taught explicitly in less(prenominal)ons such as mathematics and science. The hidden curriculum therefore consists of ideas, beliefs, norms and values which ar often taken for granted and transmitted as air division of the normal routines and procedures of school life. Bowles and Gintis argue that it is through the hidden curriculum that the education system prepares us for our future as workers in capitalist society.\r\nBowles and Gintis also argue that in order to prevent mutiny from those disadvantaged by the inequalities of capitalism, it is necessary to produce ideologies that explicate and disengage inequality as fair, natural and inevitable. If people think inequality is sightlyified then they are less likely to challenge the capitalist system. According to Bowles and Gintis, the education system plays a key role in producing such ideologies. They describe the education system as a giant ‘ invention do machine’ and focus on how education promotes the ‘myth of meritocracy’.\r\nMeritocracy refers to a system where everyone has an equal opportunity to achieve, where rewards are based on cleverness and effort. This means that those who gain the highest rewards and status deserve it because they are the most able and hardworking. Bowles and Gintis argue that meritocracy does not actually exist. Evidence showed that the main factor determining whether or not someone has a high income is their family and class background, not their ability or educational achievement.\r\nBy distinguishing this fact, th e myth of meritocracy serves to justify the privileges of the higher classes, making it seem that they gained them through adequate to(p) and fair competition at school. This helps persuade the working class to swallow up inequality as legitimate, and makes it less likely that they will seek to overthrow capitalism. The education system also justifies poverty, through what Bowles and Gintis describe as the ‘poor-and-dumb’ theory of failure. It does so by blaming poverty on the individual rather than blaming capitalism.\r\nIt therefore plays an important part in reconciling workers to their exploited position, making them less likely to rebel against the system. All Marxists agree that capitalism cannot function without a workforce that is willing to accept exploitation. Likewise, all Marxists see education as reproducing and legitimating class inequality. That is, it ensures that working class pupils are slotted into and learn to accept jobs that are poorly paid and a lienating.\r\nHowever, whereas Bowles and Gintis see education as a fairly straightforward move of indoctrination into the myth of meritocracy, Paul Willis’ study shows that working class pupils can resist such attempts to indoctrinate them. As a Marxist, Willis is interested in the way schooling serves capitalism. However, he combines this with an interactionist mount that focuses on the meanings pupils give to their touch and how these enable them to resist indoctrination. Through his study, Willis found that the lads (12 working class boys), form a distinct counter-culture fence to the school.\r\nThey are scornful of the conformist boys who they call the ear’oles. The lads find school boring and meaningless and they discount its rules and values, for example by smoking and drinking, disrupting classes and playing truant. These acts are a way of resisting school. They reject a ‘con’ the school’s meritocratic ideology that working class pupils can achieve middle class jobs through hard work. Willis notes the similarity between this anti school counter-culture and the shop floor culture of male person manual workers. Both cultures see manual work as lord and intellectual ork as wanting(p) and effeminate and this explains why they see themselves as superior both to girls and effeminate ear’oles to aspire to non manual jobs. Their resistance explains why they end up in these very jobs themselves- inferior in terms of pay and conditions- that capitalism needs someone to perform. For example, having been accustomed to ennui and to finding ways of amusing themselves in school, they sham’t expect satisfaction from work and are good at finding diversions to cope with the tiresomeness of unskilled childbed. Marxist approaches are useful in exposing the myth of meritocracy.\r\nThey show the role that education plays as an ideological state apparatus, serving the interests of capitalism by reproducing and legiti mating class inequality. However, postmodernists ping Bowles and Gintis’ correspondence principle on the grounds that today’s post-Fordist economy requires schools to produce a very different kind of labour force from the one described by Marxists. Postmodernists argue that education now reproduces diversity, not inequality. Marxists disagree with one another as to how reproduction and legitimation take place. Bowles and Gintis take a deterministic view.\r\nThat is, they assume that pupils take aim no free will and passively accept indoctrination. This approach fails to explain why pupils ever reject the school’s values. By contrast, Willis rejects the view that school simply ‘brainwashes’ pupils into passively accepting their fate. By combination Marxists and interactionist approaches he shows how pupils may resist the school and til now how this still leads them into working class jobs. However, critics argue that Willis’ circular of t he lads romanticizes them, portraying them as working class heroes in spite of their anti social behaviour and sexist attitudes.\r\nHis pocket-sized scale study of only 12 boys in one school is also unlikely to be representative of other pupils’ experience and it would e unsteady to generalize his findings. Critical modernists such as Raymond Morrow and Carlos Torres criticise Marxists for taking a class first approach that sees class as the key inequality and ignores other all other kinds. Instead, like postmodernists, Morrow and Torres argue that society is now more diverse. They see non-class inequalities, such as ethnicity, gender and sexuality, as equally important.\r\nThey argue that sociologists must explain how education reproduces and legitimates all forms of inequality, not just class, and how the different forms of inequality are inter-related. Feminists make a similar point. For example, as Madeleine Macdonald argues, Bowles and Gintis ignore the fact that sch ools reproduce not only capitalism, but patriarchy excessively as females are largely absent from Willis’ study. However, Willis’ work has stimulated a great deal of inquiry into how education reproduces and legitimates other inequalities.\r\n'