Self-Image and Consumer Behavior

Article Review Self-Image and Consumer Behavior How infrangible Self-Beliefs Sway Preferences in the Marketplace Written by David Dunning In this article, David Dunning questions whether or not spirits, indispens adequatenesss, and needs ar the keys to close do in a consumers mind. He believes in a determination making proficiency called belief harmonization. With this, Dunning means that in order to reach a finality , it whitethorn require arranging and revising hotshots beliefs, needs, and preferences into a net produce of cognition that produces little tension among its elements. He states that this allows for two major sets on termination making.The first influence is if multitude hold a bias to favor one finality over an other(a), then that provide alter how they perceive the mathematical harvest-time. They bequeath solely make a decision on that bias and keep to it. In our book, it explains this with brand equity. The outcome shows that a consumer provide de cide based on the belief that this brand is go against than all of the others and not think twice to purchase. The second influence involves the beliefs that the consumer want to maintain, called inviolate beliefs. This is one claiming that the self is a moral, lovable, and capable individual.Dunning states that galore(postnominal) decisions in the consumer valet atomic number 18 based on this belief of self- physical body, even when the decision at choke has no relevance to the self. We buy to highlight or hide aspects of our self. Evidence for Decision Making as Belief harmonisation There is much evidence that suggest that judgment and decision making, including consumer look decision making, is cognise to be belief harmonization. Dunning stated that through the mid-forties and 1960s, deal depended on the consistency theory, balance theory, and the cognitive dissonance theory.However, it has been known that belief and other connections be applied as well. This would be r eferred to as connectionist modeling or parallel-constraint satisfaction. He gives a sure example of a young woman buying a car and the overconfident and cast out ciphers based on buying this car. There can be rough direct and indirect contradictions in the harmonization process. What mess do is rewrite what they believe in and make connections with the decision. It may lead towards the negative factors or the positive factors in this decision.Dunning states that the best decisions should be based on the beliefs that the individual possesses and will be the best indicator for it. Beliefs are equally able to influence and be influenced by other beliefs. The Influence of Decision Outcomes on Perceptions of Input Variables Emerging evidence demonstrates just how easily the causality in decision making can run in reverse. A preliminary opinion leaning toward one conclusion tends to alter how people approximate evidence in decision making. This also is a part of product choice a s well.The Influence of Logically Irrelevant Outside Beliefs any belief can bias people to initially favor one over another. These beliefs are called outside beliefs and tend to be irrelevant when it comes to the decision making process. Dunning talks near how a juror decides on whether or not someone should be sued for posting negative comments on the internet. They looked at both positive and negative sides of the defendant and never based their decision on if the defendant was a nice guy or not. exploit in the consumer world has also found similar bias ascribable to outside beliefs.Evidence for Sacrosanct Beliefs nearly the Self mess commonly access code every decision with the belief that their decision takes precedence and that they are straightforward individuals. They want their decisions to be positive so that their self-image is positive. In class, we learned about impression management, which means that we work to manage what others think of us. This is a factor i n our self-image. Evidence for Positive Self-Beliefs Researchers select showed that people have cheerful self-images, even to an unrealistic degree.Our psychological process that expertness help get around people with flattering views is a constant engagement in belief harmonization anchored on a self-belief. Research on self-evaluation also shows what lineament of moves or decisions people make for a positive self-image. This goes in hand with the ideal self portrayal and our concept of what we would like to be. With consumers, they easily adjust to certain products to help us reach our ideal self and have a positive outcome in our beliefs. Evidence for Belief harmonisation with Positive Self-BeliefsBeliefs about the social world are harmonized with flattering self-views. The judgment of people will affirm the positive impression of self. farming is a big factor in the consumer world, and that is where the beliefs and self-image become intertwined together. In our book, it talks about how in some cultures, women are supposed to foster harmonised relationships and men are supposed to be assertive and have certain skills. These beliefs make the positive self-image in the culture that the male and female are in. Definitions of Social Traits and JudgmentThere are many social traits out in the consumer world today. The article talks about how people tend to emphasize ad hoc attri furtheres and talents that they have and de-emphasize those they do not. These beliefs guide peoples judgments. They dress their attribution for success and failure to affirm about the self and the image it portrays. Dunning states that at times a doings is clearly an underlying trait. slew tend to adopt performance standards that place their own competence and reputation in a good light. Evidence for Belief Harmonization in ChoiceRecent developments in the consumer psychology literature provide strong hints that self-image motives may influence decision making in the marke tplace. Here are some points that turn tail an important role by self-image in decision making. * Self-Signaling this is the notion that people reach their decisions with an eye toward bolstering their self-images is similar to another idea emerging from work in decision making and choice. This is to signal the type of person they are. This explains behavior that remains curious and has been an explanation for peoples behavior.Shafir and Tversky conducted this behavior in the Newcomb problem, where it showed that a participant in the experiment picked an economically inferior resource to another option. * Endowment Effects commonwealth place more valuate on an object once they own in. Handing a coffee sign to a college student causes them to more than double what the mug is really worth. one time products are associated with people, it confirms the positive impressions of that person and becomes valuable for them to have. * Compensation Effects People buy to compensate for per ceived deficits. For example, men buy toupees to make up for hair loss.People buy products to cover their shortcomings for others not to see. * Affirmation Effects People express ideas that they are invulnerable to risk. Having self-esteem may prompt people to make choices with less concern. * Licensing Effects Once people have gained self-coloured evidence that they possess some sacrosanct trait, they act in a way that could potentially violate that they have that trait. This arises in consumer choice many times. Future Questions Dunning focuses on one specific sacrosanct belief, which is that the self is a lovable and capable person.He feels as though there could be other beliefs that exist as well. People possess private self-esteem but also can possess collective self-esteem. This very much thus influences peoples decisions and behavior in the marketplace. Also, beliefs that people seek might involve specific ones or rather a more boilers suit general one about the self as a whole. Willer studies on masculinity suggested that people bolster specific self-values. Also, many suggest that people are not as concerned with specific self-views as they are worried over a general sense of self-worth. Automatic versus thoughtful Nature of Self-Image MotivesAnother issue would be whether the impact of self-based sacrosanct beliefs is deliberative or mechanical in nature. Dunning believes that the impact of self-beliefs might be more automatic in nature. He argues that the term automatic can be the fount that the process of affirming favorable self-beliefs is beyond peoples control. Also that is may be the case that this process occurs below peoples sentience they may lack any insight that their choices are influenced by concerns over the self. However, peoples preferences can impose its influence below a persons awareness.The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem For sacrosanct beliefs about the self to influence consumer psychology, people must presumably have tho se sacrosanct beliefs, and people with low self-esteem may not have positive views to maintain. In the consumer realm, one could ask whether low self-esteem people will work as energetically as their high self-esteem peers harmonize consumer decisions with positive views of self. The Moderating Role of grow/Implications of Marketing As I discussed in this paper earlier, culture is another condition with how consumers make decisions.People in North America and Western Europe work to bolster their self-esteem. In the West, people seem more concerned with individuality and in the eastern hemisphere they focus on the collective self. Self-Image concerns may also carry implications for powerful marketing according to Dunning. People tend to state that they are incite to do good work in their job for reasons like personal growth, whereas other people are more motivated by money. That is how it kit and caboodle with decisions in consumer buying. People are influenced by social status. This article suggests that marketers should be mindful of the motivations that people are likely to cite as meridian considerations for their purchases. In conclusion, the article is about how consumer behavior is acted and what it is based upon. There are many different factors that the author speaks about in this article. Self-Esteem and Culture are two main pieces of the puzzle when it comes to how consumers react to certain products. In the marketing world, we marketers have to look at these factors and how much insight it will provide us when we are trying to get into the minds of our consumers.Dunning makes very evoke arguments of how we cannot look at the picture as a whole, but merely as different segments of ourselves that all tie together with the decision making process. I thought this was a very interesting article because it shows how experiments and studies were through to prove that these are main factors with consumer behavior. It also showed me how we basically b ecome the product and shine through the product for our own self-image. It could be even with go part of a group that reflects your personality, or just for your individual traits themselves.